Принцип історизму у царині досліджень вітчизняної соціології права кінця ХІХ — початку ХХ століття

Abstract

У статті розкривається зміст принципу історизму та його роль у методології соціології права. Розкриваються можливості цього принципу в пізнавальній діяльності вітчизняних соціологів права кінця ХІХ —початку ХХ століття.

В статье раскрывается содержание принципа историзма и его роль в методологии социологии права. Раскрываются возможности этого принципа в познавательной деятельности отечественных социологов права конца XIX — начала ХХ века.

The article reveals the content of the principle of historicism and its role in the methodology of sociology of law. The possibilities of this principle is in cognitive sociologists of domestic law of the late XIX — early XX century. Рrinciple of historicism played an important role in the methodological tool of domestic law sociologists late nineteenth — early twentieth century. M. Kovalevsky has shown that the principle of historicism (historical-comparative approach) allows researchers to overcome the opposition of objective and subjective factors in the historical and legal research. Researchers noticed that the problem of objectivity in sociological studies of law exists as a problem of correlation of past and present and noticed that during the study of the past should not be its modernization. They concluded that the law society should be studied on the basis of inherent specific periods of the history of law and specific laws and societies needs. The main essential features of this principle was formulated by M. Kovalevsky, S. Dnistryansky, A. Piontkovsky and other sociologists of law before formulating the content of this principle in the development of the Soviet party methodology of historical and sociological and legal research. Heuristic possibilities of this principle, along with other principles and methods of scientific knowledge of the legal reality, are the opportunity for representatives of the sociological trend in jurisprudence to formulate the basic conceptual sociology of law. In particular, the following: the right is a complex social phenomenon, meaning, causes and characteristics of law depend on social, economic, political, cultural and other factors, the similarity or difference between legal development of individual nations is determined by social conditions and peculiarities of life of individual nations and social groups, the development rights are socio-historical process, caused by laws and social characteristics of humanity as a whole and individual nations.