Конституційний принцип рівності громадян у доступі до конституційного правосуддя

Abstract

В статті запропоновано створення інституту конституційної скарги з метою надання громадянину можливості звернення з письмовим клопотання до Конституційного Суду України про визнання правового акта або його окремих положень неконституційним, що надасть можливість захистити принцип конституційної рівності громадянина в доступі до конституційного правосуддя.

В статье предложено создание института конституционной жалобы с целью предоставления гражданину возможности обращения с письменным ходатайство в Конституционный Суд Украины о признании правового акта или его отдельных положений неконституционными, что позволит защитить принцип конституционного равенства гражданина в доступе к конституционному правосудию.

The article proposes to establish an institution of constitutional complaint in order to give possibility to apply to the Constitutional Court of Ukraine regarding unconstitutionality of a legal act or its provisions in written claim which will give a possibility to protect the principle of the constitutional equality of citizens in respect of access to the constitutional justice. The provisions of Articles 24.1, 24.2 of the Constitution of Ukraine provide the citizens have equal constitutional rights and freedoms and equal before the law; there shall be no privileges or restrictions based on race, color of skin, political, religious and other beliefs, sex, ethnic and social origin, property status, place of residence, linguistic or other characteristics. This constitutional principle of equality envisages equal possibility of all citizens to protect their rights and freedoms in the court (Article 55.1 of the Constitution of Ukraine). According to Article 43 of the Law of Ukraine “On the Constitutional Court of Ukraine» citizens of Ukraine are subjects of the constitutional appeal right to provide the official interpretation of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine. However, citizens of Ukraine have no rights established by the Constitution and the law to apply to the Constitutional Court concerning unconstitutionality of a legal act with a written claim which cause constitutional inequality between a citizen and subjects envisaged by Article 150 of the Constitution of Ukraine, i.e. the President of Ukraine; no less than forty-five National Deputies of Ukraine; the Supreme Court of Ukraine; the Authorized Human Rights Representative of the Parliament of Ukraine; the Parliament of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. This leads to violation of the constitutional equality of citizens in view of privileges granted by the state authorities. This issue has been researched by the following scientists: A. Puzhanskyi, V. Bilous, M. Hultai, V. Kampo, T. Bryn, G. Papuashvili, S. Filonenko, P. Tkachuk, I. Polkhovska, V. Popeliushka, P. Rabinovych etc. The fundamental characteristics of the constitutional equality principle of citizens are social equality of citizens, equality of citizens before law, equality of rights. It is necessary to state that in Ukraine it is observes the problem of implementation the equality principle of an individual in access to the constitutional justice which is conditioned by the absence of direct application of the citizens’ right at the Constitutional Court of Ukraine concerning unconstitutionality of a legal act or its certain provisions in written claim. By protecting the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine the Constitutional Court of Ukraine protects all human and citizens’ rights which are stipulated in it. According to Article 40 of the Law of Ukraine «On the Constitutional Court of Ukraine» the right to apply to the Constitutional Court with a written claim concerning unconstitutionality of a legal act or its certain provisions is provided only to the President of Ukraine, no less than forty-five Members of Parliament of Ukraine (Parliamentary Member’s signature may not be recalled), the Supreme Court of Ukraine, the Authorized Human Rights Representative of the Parliament of Ukraine and the Parliament of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The content of this article restricts the rights of an individual and emphasizes privileges given to state bodies which indicate the constitutional inequality of individuals in access to the constitutional justice. Hence, it is so important to establish and to develop the institution of constitutional complaint in our state, i.e. the right of a citizen to apply directly with a written claim to the Constitutional Court of Ukraine concerning unconstitutionality of a legal act or it’s certain provisions. The institute of constitutional complaint enables citizens to apply to the Constitutional Court on violation of their constitutional rights and freedoms by the law which was applied or is supposed to be applied in specific case in courts of general jurisdiction or in other state bodies.