Господарський уклад мешканців городища Ширяєве

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано господарський уклад мешканців городища раннього залізного віку Ширяєве. Зроблено попередні висновки щодо розвитку землеробства. Визначено видо-віковий склад свійської худоби. Означено основні промислові тварини. Висновки зроблено на тлі порівняння з матеріалами інших пам’яток — зокрема, городищ Більськ, Мариця, Переверзево, а також ряду укріплень юхнівської культури лісової смуги. Відмічається значний розвиток рибальства, проте без застосування сіток.

The Shyriaieve hillfort of the Scythian Age was excavated at the late of the 40s and in 1950. The site is located on the high right bank of the Seym River within Putyvl region. As a result, for the first time the information about the household of the local people was obtained. The researches at the site were resumed in 2017. During these four years, the identified material has become a basic to clarify some conclusions about agriculture, husbandry, hunting and fishing. During the comparative analysis the sources from the other fortified sites of the Scythian Age related to the Yukhniv culture of the Seym region and the ash-hill 10 of the Western Bilsk hillfort have been processed. In our days the information about agriculture of the population of Shyriaieve hillfort is extremely scarce. These are a few finds of agricultural tools, prints of cereals on the pottery (millet) and burnt barley grains. But the information about domestic animals and hunting species was processed. During four years of excavation, 3575 bones have been identified. The cattle breeding was predominant, as usual for the other settlements of the early Iron Age. Also, husbandry consisted of pig-, horse- and small cattle-breeding (with some differences). The results of comparative analysis of hunting species are different for the prevailing species on different sites. In most cases, the main object of hunting was a wild boar. This fact depends on the species diversity. As well as in whole population of the Yukhniv culture, in the Shyriaieve hillfort the fishing had been developed. The analysis of bone remains and fish scales ostends that the predatory fish was predominant. The complete absence of carp indicates the using the hook fishing. The nets were not used. It is not a final conclusion because the excavations are going on. However, based on the features of the local soils and the main hunting species of the population of the Shyriaieve hillfort the site was probably located in Scythian Age in the Forest zone not in the Forest- Steppe one according to modern geographical zoning.