До питання про початок, реалізацію і наслідки політики протекціонізму в Болгарії наприкінці XIX — на початку XX ст.

Abstract

У статті розкривається вплив кабінету міністрів С. Стамболова (1887–1894 рр.) на становлення політики протекціонізму в Болгарії. Автор зазначає, що заходи по підтримці вітчизняного виробництва, основи яких були закладені урядом «стамболовістів», знайшли подальший розвиток наприкінці ХІХ — на початку ХХ ст. Важливу роль у цьому відіграли наступники С. Стамболова — представники Народно-ліберальної партії. Стимулювання розвитку вітчизняної промисловості мало суттєві результати. В країні з’явилися і доволі успішно розвивалися нові галузі економіки.

The article reveals the influence of the cabinet of S. Stambolov on the formation of protectionism in Bulgaria. The author notes that the policy founded by the government of «stambolovists» and referred to the support of domestic producers resulted in the subsequent development in the late XIX — early XX century. The followers of S. Stambolov — representatives of the People’s Liberal Party — contributed significantly to this process. Protectionist initiatives of "stambolovists" included raising tariffs on imported goods, provision of tax incentives for domestic manufacturers as well as providing opportunities for them to buy cheap raw materials. However, it is necessary to outline negative effects of protectionist measures. Both Bulgaria and other European countries significantly expanded the application of customs and other restrictions to protect their markets from foreign goods competition in the late XIX — early XX century. In such circumstances, their industrial and agricultural enterprises were sandwiched within national markets. Potential internal capacity to facilitate economic development gradually accrues. One of the ways to tackle these issues according political elites from most of the countries is to expand capacity intrastate demand due to invasions of new territories and increased population. That is, to some extent, protectionism had become one of the factors that led to the beginning of the era of wars in the Balkans, which lasted from 1912 to 1918. Other consequences of protectionist measures to stimulate the economy were the concentration of production and increasing number of large enterprises. But at the same time they restrict competition in the national market that prevented innovation. A small number of close to the power wealthy industrialists was in terms of winning, compared with owners of small and medium businesses. This situation didn’t contribute to the growth of entrepreneurial activity among the majority population.