http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/161348 Thu, 09 Apr 2026 23:55:02 GMT 2026-04-09T23:55:02Z http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/bitstream/id/481343/ http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/161348 http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/178148 Селекція льону-довгунця: історичні аспекти розвитку Логінов, М.І.; Росновський, М.Г.; Логінов, А.М. Aims. Works on long fiber flax selecting which were begun in 1908 had a range of drawbacks: material estimating was conducted according to the indirect characteristics. Methods. Afterwards the selected material was estimated according to plants fastness to lodging, fiber quality, and perseverance to diseases. Results. As the result of the work done there was selected new sorts of highly productive and fiber qualitative long fiber flax. Conclusions. It’s necessary to improve the theoretical basis of long fiber flax selection, enrich and study the world collection far and wide, find out specimens with high combination ability for being used in the selection process. Key words: lonf fiber flax: the history of selection. Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/178148 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/178147 Чи могли бути точки зіткнення положень класичної генетики та «мічуринської біології»? Стельмах, А.Ф. Aims. To compare some theses of modern plant genetics and the views of “lysenkoists”. Methods. Utilization of scientific literature data and personal experience. Results. Supporters of “lysenkoism” denied the chromosomal theory of heredity and maintained the straight “inheritance of acquired traits”. Modern plant genetics assert that from coded in the individual genome genetic information to its implementation into the trait there are realizing the complex of innerorganism and genotype-environment interactions, during which the trait “genetic formula” is reconstructing. Genotype of realized character may be identified (and inherited) for certain environment only, under other conditions (with different stress factors) genotype of complex traits is found to be changed (and these changes are inherited, however in such environment only!). Does this thesis differ from the “inheritance of acquired traits”?! Conclusions. Irreconcilable contradictions of classical geneticists and supporters of “Michurin’s biology (=lysenkoists)” views are almost entirely removed with modern “Theory of the ecology-genetic organization of quantitative traits”. Key words: “lysenkoism”, modern plant genetics, quantitative traits, likeness of views. Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/178147 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/178146 Развитие представлений о возникновении жизни на Земле Фомина, И.Р. Aims. The purpose of present brief review is to cover the development of the theory of biological evolution, mainly that its part which concerns the hypothesis of prebiotic stage of the formation of cyclic processes interconversion of inorganic and organic carbon. Results. The review presents and summarizes the literature data, reflecting the development of the Oparin’s theory since the middle of last century to the present time. Conclusions. According to modern concepts, the pathways of fixing and restoring of inorganic carbon, as well interconversion and oxidation of organic compounds have been formed at the stage of prebiotic evolution as autocatalytic processes in microscopic pores of colloidal precipitation of metal sulfides. In these pores the processes were detached from the environment by a phase interface surface with catalytic activity. Transferring of catalytic function to ribozymes and peptides, and the emergence of the genetic code was the qualitative leap between the inanimate and animate nature; and membrane formation in and around protocell and development of cell envelops determined the formation of cells as a whole organisms, their separation between the three domains: the archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes, and, most importantly, freed from the need “to live” in the pores of sedimentary rocks. Now “free-living” living systems belonged to the whole Planet! Key words: autocatalytic processes, origin of life, prebiotic evolution. Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/178146 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/178145 Существует ли необходимость в гипотезе универсального генома? Михеев, А.Н. On the example of hypothesis about the «universal genome» of M. Sherman important questions in relation to the rates (speeds) of evolutional transformations of the biological systems and problem of abundance (inertness) of evolutional transformations are considered in the article. Geological, ecological and biological mechanisms which explain the phenomenon of the Cambrian explosion are selected. It is demonstrated that hypothesis of “universal genome” of not contradicts to modern evolutional views. Key words: hypothesis about the «universal genome», evolutional transformations of the biological systems, phenomenon of the Cambrian explosion. Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/178145 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z