http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/39891 2026-04-05T16:19:26Z 2026-04-05T16:19:26Z Ананьєва, Т.Б. http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/187646 2023-01-16T23:27:29Z 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

До історії формування археологічних "місць пам’яті" в Києві на початку ХІХ ст.: відкриття Золотих воріт та створення першої книги про них Ананьєва, Т.Б. Розкопки Золотих воріт, які сталися 190 років тому, створили передумови для сприйняття пам’ятки як одного з перших у Києві секулярних «місць пам’яті». У статті розглядаються свідчення джерел, які розкривають локальні особливості цього процесу, неоднозначну позицію влади по відношенню до археологічної знахідки, роль приватної ініціативи та суб’єктивного фактору в запровадженні комеморативних практик. Вперше в історіографії викладено відомості про автора першої книги про Золоті ворота Миколу Самойлова.; The sample of defensive architecture of the 11th century the Kyiv Golden Gate, excavated 190 years ago, is a rare example of an archeological site that has not only survived up today but is also integrated into the social, cultural and scientific space, has added to the category of museums, and become a hallmark of Kyiv. In some publications the modern understanding and evaluation of the site is extrapolated for the entire period of its post-excavation existence. It is believed that the Golden Gate in previous centuries as well impressed its contemporaries and was the object of interest of ordinary citizens, and the government used them as a symbol of a certain political and ideological nature. Sources of the first half of the 19th century, close in time to the excavations of the Gate, allow us to significantly adjust the idea of the reception of the site in the social and cultural space of the city. They show that the authorities showed no signs of interest in using the Golden Gate to «visualize» the history and create an image of the «good past» in the mass consciousness. On the contrary, the first steps to form a «social and cultural infrastructure of memory» (I. Irvin-Zaretska) were taken by private persons. The organization and carrying out of the Golden Gate excavations, efforts to preserve them, informing the public, making «advertising » images and inscriptions, demonstration of the excavation site, and finally writing the first book — were performed by State Councilor K. Lokhvytsky and merchant (who received the nobility) M. Samoilov. For both ordinary fans of antiquities this activity was a social elevator which raised to higher status floors. The author of the first book on the Golden Gate M. Samoilov due to communicative competence was able to collect the necessary material and mastered in the merchant milieu the forms of social relations, in particular the network gift exchange. Relying on the help of Kyiv Metropolitan Eugene (Bolkhovitinov), amateur archaeologist K. Lokhvytsky and historian M. Berlinsky, M. Samoilov created a solid work, which was later used by M. Zakrevsky and positively evaluated by S. Vysotsky. Historical sources show that there was no uniformity in the perception of the Golden Gate even among the cultural elite, the site was mostly on the periphery of the attention and care of the authorities. However, persons who in the first half of the nineteenth century acted as «mnemonic characters», have laid the foundations for the interpretation of the Golden Gate as a «memory place».

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z Ступак, А.В. Горбаненко, С.А. http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/187645 2023-01-16T23:27:28Z 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

Головні віхи історії археозоологічних досліджень в Україні Ступак, А.В.; Горбаненко, С.А. У статті здійснено огляд розвитку археозоології в Україні. Ця галузь знань має понад столітню історію й пройшла шлях від окремого напряму в зоології до окремої наукової дисципліни станом натепер. Зазначений внесок в її розвиток окремих персоналій, а також інституцій, які ставали центрами археозоологічних досліджень в різні часи.; The primary focus of this research is the history of archaeozoological studies in Ukraine. Like every scientific branch, the development of archaeozoology has the stages of its beginning, generation, and separation of individual scientific discipline. The rise of scientific interest in the evolutionary process and fossil fauna at the end of the 19th century promote the investigation of the faunal remains of the relative modern geological period — Quaternary. The large number of ungulates faunal remains of this period was found on archaeological sites. Olexandr Brauner, was the first zoologist who worked with the faunal remains from archeological sites of Kherson region. As an archaeozoologist, V. Gromova actively participated in the research of faunal collections from the different archaeological sites of Ukraine. She compiled the almost first atlases of mammals anatomy for archaeozoologists. Ivan Pidoplichko is the founder of the archaeozoological school in Ukraine. His professional career began from organization of the working group of archaeozoologists to the head of the Paleozoological department of the Institute of Zoology of Academy of Sciences of UkrSSR (now Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology). Ivan Pidoplichko also is the founder of the National Museum of Natural history which is one of the centers of archaeozoological studies. Well known archaeozoologists such as V. Bibikva, N. Bilan (Tymchenko), N. Kornijetz, V. Topachevski, P. Puchkov, and O. Zhuravliov worked under the lead of Ivan Pidoplichko. In the 1970s O. Zhuravliov started to work in the Institute of Archaeology Academy of Sciences of the UkrSSR. During the last two decadesYe. Yanish, M. Kublij, T. Bitkovska, A. Stupak and O. Seniuk joined archaeozoological studies. The current archaeozoology studies in Ukraine are still developing.

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z Козубовський, Г.А. http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/187644 2023-01-16T23:27:26Z 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

До проблеми літописного Білобережжя XIV ст. Козубовський, Г.А. У статті розглянуто дискусійну проблему локалізації Білобережжя XIV cт. Звертається увага на тюркську назву ріки Південний Буг — Аксу (Біла Вода). Її береги були місцями традиційних літніх і зимових кочовищ і найважливіших транзитних шляхів. Похід Ольгерда на початку 1360-х рр. було здійснено до золотоординських центрів у басейні річок Синя Вода (Гексу) і Біла Вода (Аксу). Розкопки пам’яток золотоординського часу в басейні р. Південний Буг можуть суттєво допомогти у вирішенні низки дискусійних питань історичної географії цього регіону.; In the paper the attempt to identify the geographical toponyms and hydronyms of the 14th century is made. It contains an analysis of the hypotheses about the Beloberezhye site of the 14th century in the written sources. Based on the examination of the written, cartographic, archeological and numismatics sources the conception about connection of Beloberezhye with the bank of Southern Bug River is considered. Also, the information about origin of the river name since antiquity till nowadays — Bug (Boh, Bug, Boug, Bohus, Bohem and other), Hypanis, Kouβoũ (Kuvu), Vagosola, Bagossla, Aksu (White Waters) — is discussed. The conception, according to which the Turkik geographical names of the river (Ak Su — White Water) and its banks (Belobereshye — White Banks) were the territory of the traditional summer and winter nomads roamings has been substantiated. Also, the certain aspects of activity of the Tartars emirs Kutlu- Buha, Khadjibej, and Dmytro, and the landscapes of these regions are examined. Important stimulus for development of the trade routes in these regions were the saline in the lower reaches of the Southern Bug and in Black Sea region. Based on the analysis of numismatics sources the author concludes that in the first part — mid-14th century the trade route in Southern Bug basin was one of the main transit trade routes in the West territory of Golden Horde. The finds of the silver and copper coins of the mid-14th century marked the most important centers in the Bug River region. After the victories of Lithuanian Prince Olgerdas over the Hordes in 1362 at the Syny Vody (Gek-su) and Bili Vody (Ak-su) Rivers the economic resources of the Western Hordes were considerably reduced. According to archaeological and numismatic data, Torhovytsia on the Siniukha River was an important center in the mid-14th century but was destroyed in the beginning of the 1360s. The issues of historical geography, many of which can be solved by assistance of systematic archaeology research of the Golden Horde centers in the Southern Bug River basins are discussed in the paper.

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z Володарець-Урбанович, Я.В. http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/187643 2023-01-16T23:27:22Z 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

Про функціональне призначення трипроменевих ажурних блях із Мартинівського скарбу Володарець-Урбанович, Я.В. У статті розглянуто функціональне використання двох трипроменевих ажурних блях із Мартинівського скарбу. Висловлюється припущення про їх приналежність до деталей жіночого вбрання чи кінського спорядження за аналогіями із могильників Криму та Аварського каганату. Ці прикраси могли мати декоративне призначення.; The paper presents consider of the functional use of two three-beam openwork badges from the Martynivka hoard (fig. 1). There are two points of view on the functional use of these products: 1) horse trappings; 2) details of the belt. An attempt is made to determine the range of possible analogies or prototypes of products. All analogies can be divided into two major groups: 1) on the general outlines; 2) on the «internal ornamentation». The first group. An almost complete analogy to the products from the Martynivka hoard is the decoration from grave 1, vault 238 of the Luchiste cemetery in the Crimea (fig. 2) — the last quarter of the 7th century. The other two analogies come from the Avar cemetery of Pécs-Köztemető, burial 45 (fig. 3), although they differ in greater finesse. This is the burial of a horse with trappings. A. Kissa dates this area of the cemetery within the end of 6th — middle of 7th century. More distant analogies are two finds (almost completely identical to each other) from the Luchiste cemetery, from vault 65, grave 2 — the second half of the 7th century (figs. 4—6) and vault 113 — the first half of the 7th century (fig. 8: 7). A similar badge depicting a man in the center comes from Cherkasy or Chyhyryn counties (fig. 8: 8). This find, together with products from Luchiste, on formal grounds belongs to type IV according to E. Garam. On the territory of the Avar Khanate, similar ornaments are known (figs. 7; 8: 9—12) — Tiszafüred, grave 166 and 262, Tiszaderzs, grave 14 and an accidental find from Hungary. Second group. Prototypes or analogies for this group are determined by internal ornamentation. They can be found among the bronze belt openwork badges of a number of cemeteries of the Avar Khanate. The first subgroup — badges with three rays departing from the central shamrock (fig. 8: 13). The second subgroup — badges with a triangle in the centre with three groups of double rays diverging from it in different directions (fig. 8: 14). The third subgroup — badges with а circle in the centre and three radial rays (fig. 8: 15). So, in the second group you can find similar products, they are very diverse, differ in the design of interior decoration. There is a difference from the presence of eyelets. Although finds from Avar cemeteries sometimes have one eyelet. In the Avars, the beginning of the existence of such products falls on the Early Avar period — the second half of 6th — early 7th century, although most of them in the Late Avar period — 8th century. E. Garam believes that these products appear in the Avars from the middle of the 7th century and continue to exist in the 8th century. Thus, the three-beam openwork badges from the Martynivka hoard could have two uses: as details of a horse harness and details of belt ornaments of a woman’s suit.

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z