http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/199354 2026-04-24T12:12:32Z 2026-04-24T12:12:32Z Шрамко, І.Б. http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/199598 2024-10-17T17:29:57Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Мідний кований казан ранньоскіфського часу з округи Більського городища Шрамко, І.Б. У статті вперше в науковий обіг уведено дані про випадкову знахідку мідного тонкостінного казана в заплаві р. Стара Ворскла, у найближчій окрузі Більського городища. На підставі морфологічного та рентгено-флуоресцентного аналізу предмета показано його місце серед інших нечисленних по- дібних знахідок на території Лісостепової Скіфії, простежено зв'язок із центральнокавказькими виробничими центрами, а також вплив урартського мистецтва в оформленні ручок. Попередньо виріб віднесено до першої половини VI ст. до н. е. Рідкісний артефакт міг потрапити на лівий берег Дніпра з кочовиками, які просувались до Українського лісостепу через Кавказ.; In the article, for the first time, data on the accidental discovery of a thin-walled copper cauldron in the floodplain of the Stara Vorskla River (Left Bank Dnipro Forest-Steppe), in the nearest district of Bilsk fortified hillfort, are introduced into scientific circulation. On the basis of morphological and X-ray fluorescence analyses of the object, its place among other few similar finds in the territory of Forest-Steppe Scythia is shown, the connection with the Central Caucasian production centers, as well as the influence of Urartian art in the design of handles, are traced. Previously, the item was assigned to the first half of the 6th century BC. The rare artefact could have reached the left bank of the Dnipro with the nomads advancing to the Ukrainian forest-steppe through the Caucasus. The cauldron found differs in appearance from other similar artefacts and hasn’t had any exact analogues yet. However, the high rims and the probable presence of a low pallet may indicate a production tradition of Caucasian craftsmen. At the same time, the design of the figured overlays for fastening the handles in the shape of a stylised bird with spread wings definitely points to the Urartian (East Asian) cultural tradition. The technique of making cauldron attachments, with a perpendicularly placed, separately cast ring, used by Urartian foundries is indicative, which, at first glance, could suggest an Urartian import. Clarity is provided by the results of spectral analyses. According to the elemental composition of the metal, each of the three cauldrons known today with similar handle attachments, found in the territories of the Ukrainian forest-steppe, has a copper body and bronze handles with a significant content of lead (from 10 to 15%), which indicates the possibility of their manufacture in workshops, located on the southern slopes of the Caucasus Mountains, where at the end of the 8th—6th centuries BC there was a large centre for the production of various types of metal utensils. In our case, the attachments on the cauldrons were cast according to the local recipe, but based on Urartian prototypes. Based on the archaeological context and the results of RFA analyses of the metal of thin-walled cauldrons of the Early Scythian period, found in the territory of Forest-Steppe Scythia (Bilsk, Repiakhuvata Mohyla and Kruhlyk), it can be concluded that all of them were made in the first half of the 6th century BC in one of the Central Caucasian production centres by order and according to the taste of the nomadic elite. The possibility of Urartian craftsmen working in one of these production centres cannot be eliminated.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z Савельєв, О.К. Грицюта, О.О. Сєкерська, О.П. http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/199597 2024-10-17T17:29:49Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Оброблена кістка та ріг із Тіри-Білгорода римського та ранньомодерного часу (матеріали розкопок 2020—2021 рр.) Савельєв, О.К.; Грицюта, О.О.; Сєкерська, О.П. У статті опубліковано кістяні та рогові вироби, знайдені під час археологічних досліджень у Тірі-Білгороді в 2020—2021 роках. Матеріали походять із шарів і комплексів римської та ранньомодерної епох. Виокремлено побутові вироби, предмети для ігор, предмети озброєння, знаряддя праці, облицювальні пластини, заготовки та відходи виробництва.; In 2020—2021, during excavations in the Civil Courtyard of the Akkerman Fortress, a collection of 26 bone items was collected, which are being published in the following article. The objects come from the layers and complexes mainly of the Modern (16th — 18th centuries) and Roman times and according to their functional purpose belong to several categories. The household items and the items for games (buckle fragments of knife handles, hookah mouthpieces, gambling or divination astragals, and a button), weapon products (rings for pulling back the bowstring), and work tools, facing plates, blanks and production waste are singled out. Items made of bone and horns are one of the main categories of material for the reconstruction of various aspects of the economy, everyday life and spiritual life of the ancient population. The analysed bone and horn objects are a small part of the collection of bone artefacts from the Tyras-Bilhorod excavations of the antique and modern periods, but they provide insight into the production of specialised crafts and manufacturing of bone products in individual households. Despite the small number of finds, the collection includes such categories of material as raw materials, blanks, production waste and finished items, which is one of the signs of the bone-cutting production presence directly on the territory of the city. Characterising the raw material base of the bone-cutting production, we should point out that the material for manufacturing was bones and horns of animals that were bred or obtained by the inhabitants of the city — a horse, a domestic bull, a sheep, a European deer and roe deer, as well as bone rays of the pectoral fins of sturgeon. During production, the peculiarities of the structure of bone raw materials were taken into account, which made it possible to use the shape of the bone/horn the best possible way to manufacture a specific object/tool. Certain types of bone objects existed in a rather wide chronological range (astragals for the game, plates — covers of knife handles etc.) The obtained results are important for the reconstruction of the bone-cutting and complement the existing ideas about the daily life of the inhabitants of Tyras-Bilhorod in the Roman and Modern times.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z Дяченко, Д.Г. http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/199596 2024-10-17T17:29:42Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Про західнобалтські типи фібул з могильника Острів Дяченко, Д.Г. Статтю присвячено двом типам фібул із жіночих поховальних комплексів західнобалтського могильника Острів у Пороссі. Подано характеристику предметів, їх типо-хронологічну атрибуцію та супутній археологічний контекст.; The article is devoted to the research of two types of brooches from the Ostriv burial ground in Porossia (Middle Dnipro River region). The morphological characteristics of the objects, the type and chronological attribution and the accompanying archaeological context are considered. In general, seven penannular brooches with connected star-shaped terminals and four ring brooches with ribbed bows were discovered during the first seven years of research at the Ostriv burial ground. All the brooches were recorded in female burials, except two items found in the cultural layer and one brooch with a controversial archaeological context. Together, they make up 23 % of all the clasps found at the territory of the cemetery or 27 % of the brooches discovered in the burial complexes of the necropolis. These types of ancient pins now make up 52 % of women’s burials with brooches. Penannular brooches with connected star-shaped terminals can be divided into two subtypes — larger ones with seven transverse ribs and surface coating with white metal, and slightly smaller ones with six ribs. The damaged brooch from the burial no. 100 stands out for its massiveness and could contain eight or nine decorative ribs, but the item is fragmented, which does not allow clarifying its specific features. Brooches with ribbed bows can also be divided into two subtypes: two items are larger and have twelve decorative ribs on their surface, and two more specimens are slightly smaller and contain seven transverse ribs on the front side. Among the latter two variants can be distinguished — with a concave semicircular and a simple semicircular section of the case. Significantly, the penannular brooch with connected star-shaped terminals and the brooch with ribbed bows with a surface coating of white metal were found in rich burials with neck-rings of the Totenkrone type. Therefore, it is possible to emphasise the probable connection between the objects, the production of which was more time-consuming, with the social position of the deceased during their lifetime, and probably with the chronological factor. Furthermore, only these two types of fibulae among all the categories of jewellery and clothing elements discovered at this necropolis now reliably testify to the long-term habitation and high-quality repair of the objects. In addition, the general features of the repair do not differ from technological receptions within the mother regions of migrants. In conclusion, penannular brooches with connected star-shaped terminals and brooches with ribbed bows had been widespread in the Baltic region during the 11th—12th centuries. However, they were most typical for the population of the South- East Baltic, the medieval Prussians, from whose area they spread among other Baltic, Finnish and Scandinavian people due to trade connections and/or resettlement of groups or individuals within the region (migration of warriors, marriages, etc.). Finally, these types of brooches in the absolute majority of cases are found in the burials of men, mainly in two-tiered cremation burials with a horse and weapons in burial complexes on the territory of the Sambi Peninsula and its adjacent territories. Sometimes such items occur in women’s and children’s burials outside the Prussian area, but they are still more numerous in men’s complexes. Such a contrast of the Ostriv burial ground with synchronous Baltic burial sites seems very interesting, however, conducting a detailed comparative study of the costumes of representatives of the Baltic enclave in Porossia and the female population of the Sambia Peninsula is extremely problematic. The reason is almost absent separated women burials of the 8—13th centuries in the range of the Prussians, because of their dependent social position in this tribe. Thus, it is still impossible to establish whether the materials of the Ostriv burial ground reflect (at least partially) the traditions of medieval Prussian women’s clothing, or whether the composition of the costume underwent significant changes due to migration. The location of these types of brooches in burial complexes in most cases indicates their direct use in a costume to fasten outer clothing — woollen cloaks or capes. However, other provisions are also recorded, which may be related to this population’s peculiarities of burial practices.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z Симоненко, О.В. http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua:80/handle/123456789/199595 2024-10-17T17:29:34Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Римські бронзові черпаки у варварів Північного Причорномор’я Симоненко, О.В. У статті розглянуто всі відомі знахідки римських бронзових черпаків у сарматських та пізньоскіфських пам’ятках на територіях України, Молдови, Румунії. Проведено типологічне визначення знахідок за відомими класифікаційними схемами, обґрунтовано датування та здійснено їх міжкультурний порівняльний аналіз.; The paper examines all known finds of Roman bronze casseroles from the Sarmatian and Late Scythian burials in the territories of Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania. The items were classified according to relevant typological schemes, the dating of the finds was substantiated and a cross-cultural comparative analysis was carried out. Bronze casseroles, which were part of the equipment of a Roman legionary, are probably the most numerous type of Roman metal vessels found in the Sarmatian and Late Scythian burials. The typology and chronology of Roman bronze casseroles is well developed, and they are a reliable chronological marker. Roman bronze casseroles from the Sarmatian and Late Scythian burials of modern Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania have been studied in several works, but a comparative analysis of these vessels among the Sarmatians and Late Scythians of the Northern Pontic region has not yet been conducted and is one of the tasks of this work. Ten bronze casseroles have been discovered in the Sarmatian graves in modern Ukraine, Moldova and Romania and seven ones in the Late Scythian burials in the Crimea. The Sarmatian assemblages with Roman casseroles of Eggers types 137—144 in the Northern Pontic region are dated from the second half of the 1st to the mid-2nd centuries AD. It should be noted that the majority of similar vessels from Asian Sarmatia were also found in the graves dated mainly to the second half of the 1st — the first third of the 2nd centuries AD. There is a version that such casseroles got to the Sarmatians after the Bosporus-Roman war of 45—49 AD. A somewhat different picture is observed among the Late Scythians. All assemblages with Roman casseroles are dated since the mid-1st century AD (Ust-Alma, grave no. 720, Eggers type 133) until the last quarter of the same century (the rest of the assemblages of Ust-Alma and Belbek IV burial grounds). Sarmatian graves with casseroles have been accompanied by various and often expensive grave goods. The burials of the Late Scythian necropoli with bronze vessels also belonged to the wealthy members of the community. The assortment of Sarmatian and Late Scythian imported casseroles is somewhat different — the Sarmatians had no early casseroles of Eggers types 133—136, and the Late Scythians had no Gödåker type casseroles (Eggers type 144). There are no casseroles in the Late Scythian burials of the Lower Dnipro region, all finds are concentrated in the Crimea.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z