Основоположні принципи права: загальна характеристика та деякі аспекти реалізації

Abstract

В статті розкривається загальна характеристика основоположних принципів права. Підкреслюється, що ефективна реалізація принципів справедливості, свободи, рівності та гуманізму може досягатися лише за умови узгодження їх змісту з вимогами традиційної суспільної моралі, що має незмінні об’єктивні основи.

В статье раскрывается общая характеристика основополагающих принципов права. Подчёркивается, что эффективная реализация принципов справедливости, свободы, равенства и гуманизма может достигаться только при условии согласования их содержания с требованиями традиционной общественной морали, которая имеет неизменные объективные основания.

The article discovers a general characteristic of the main principles of law. The author concludes that history of philosophical-and-legal thoughts and also social practice demonstrates and proves continually that to contents of notions justice, liberty, equality and humanism people contribute different criteria that acquire sometimes absolutely opposite meanings. According to the author opinion it is necessary to determine contents above mentioned notions, by making concrete their meanings in context of moral measurement, and also to disclose reasons, that are based on wrong perception and comprehension of this principles. It should be noticed that in spite of different subjective treatments of the main principles of law, they all have objective foundations of their existence, among which necessity is first. As an example of such a wrong perception and comprehension of the main principles of law the author points at the Bill of Ukraine «about amendments to the acting laws (concerning providing equal human rights and opportunities to men and women in the field of labor)». With this Bill in particular it is offered to amend to the Code of laws about labour in Ukraine and some several legislative acts concerning the prohibition to discriminate in the field of labour with features of sexual orientation, without having in mind at all objective foundations and peculiarities of many jobs and appointments, that require, besides professional abilities and education, high level of moral qualities (for example, teacher or public official’s appointment). In this context it is necessary to notice, that traditionally for law in total its main principles acquire wrong meaning, as in this case they start contradicting to the fundamental customs of human existence, created by nature. Thus, objective foundations of moral measurement of the main principles of law should correct subjective perception and comprehension of their contents. By this, wrong perception and comprehension of the main principles of law, as a rule, is based on a selfish aspiration to satisfy own interests only. Positive law should take into account and secure above mentioned main principles of law, by coming out from their objective moral measurement, that is coordinated to the fundamental customs of human existence, created by nature. It is also stressed that effective realization of justice, liberty, equality and humanism may be achieved only by means of harmonization of their contents with demands of traditional social moral, that has objective unchangeable bases.