Розглядаються взаємопроникнення і взаємовідносини населення трипільсько-кукутенської спільності з конкретними групами населення степового Прикубання, Передкавказзя, Північного Кавказу та Північного Причорномор’я енеолітичного та ранньобронзового віку від 3700/3600 до 2500/2400 рр. до н. е., а саме: новоданилівської групи, середньостогівської культури та нижньомихайлівської культурної групи.
В статье освещаются связи конкретного населения трипольско-кукутенской общности с
носителями степных культурных традиций.
In the paper the links of the concrete population of Tripolie—Kukuteni community with the bearers of the steppe cultures are elucidated.
The first aspect of the problème concerns the relations of Tripolie people with the bearers of Novodanilovskaja group which joined up to common contact line Tripolie A3, Bl, Kukuteni Al—A3, Gumelnitza A2, Karanovo 6, Varna cultures with the Eneolithic population of the steppe Kuban region and territories of the foothills of Caucasus. This relations were of economic type and based from the side of the steppe people first of all on the Tripolian metal-working hotbed, the one of the tree hotbeds of Balkan-Carpation metallurgical province (near 3700/3600—3300/3200 B. C.).
The second aspect of the problème elucidates the relations of the bearers of Tomashevskaja culture of Tripolie—Kukuteni community on the stages B2, Cl (since 3100 till 2900/2800 B. C.) with the population of Srednestogovskaja culture at the times after Sredni Stog 2 and the cultural group of Nizhnemikhailovka of the second, Novorozanovskaja, stage. The necessity of the substantiation of this stage arises from the date of Tomashevskaja culture. In the paper is adduced the system of proofs of the local settling of the inhabitants of the settlements of Tomashevskaja culture to the bordering steppes of Bug basin down by outfall Sinjuha river and to Ingul basin.
It is supposed that the mikromigrations were caused by economic interests connected with the growing of wheat for export to the population of Srednestogovskaja and Niznemikhailovskaja cultures of Novorozanovka Stage.
The third aspect concerns the problème of migrations of Kasperovka people ofTripolie- Kukuteni community at the stage C2, near 2500—2400 B. C. to the steppe South-East of Bug. The repeated movements were followed by close contacts and led to the ethnic links with the bearers of the third stage (Shirokoe—Baratovka) of Nizhnemikhailovskaja group far in the steppe. As a result under the influence of Kasperovka people the new type of the pottery has appeared. Its typical form — the high cylindrical neck, the cord decoration sometimes — is the sign of the settlements of the unity of Tripolie—Kukuteni community at the forest—steppe and woodlands (Polesie) during the stage C2. At the same time the impulses of Kasperovka influence are observed in the technic of the scrathed decoration of the vessels from Majkop graves of Novosvobodnenskaja group at Samara basin and on the native territory of Novosvobodnenskaja memorials.
The author determinates the location of the settlements of Tomashevka type and the barrow graves (mainly of Kasperovka people) at the steppes of South Bug basin and other territories near the fords and ferries at the historical times. The land Tripolian ways including the Great Dnieper’s so called the Salt (Solianoj) one are observed. By the latter the Tomashevka people probably came to Samara basin from Kanev region at the 1st quarter of the 3rd millenium B. C. and the bearers of Sofievskaja culture did it near 2700 B. C.
