Стоянка Бармаки, 2 культурний шар є найзахіднішим стратифікованим проявом епігравету в
басейні Середнього Дніпра. За останні роки масштабні польові і лабораторні дослідження, проведені
на рівні сучасних наукових стандартів, призвели
до появи певного блоку інформації, який дозволяє не
тільки уточнити хронологічне положення і техніко-типологічний статус матеріалів Бармаків,
2, а й визначити їх місце в системі культурно-хронологічної варіабельності середньодніпровських
епіграветських пам’яток.
The Upper Paleolithic site Barmaky, 2nd cultural
layer from Volyhnia-Lublin upland is the most western
manifestation of Epigravettian of the Mid Dnieper
basin. During several field campaigns the 147 m2 of
cultural deposits with three pits and one chalk / marl
concentration were studied (fig. 1). The silty-loess deposits
of Barmaky, 2 accumulated about 19 kyr cal BP
(table 1) under the permafrost conditions. The fauna
assemblage is represented by: mammoths, bison, reindeer,
red deer, horse, bear, wolf, wolverine, polar fox,
fox and hare. More than 100 thousand artifacts were
recovered during the last two field campaigns. In essential
account (without chips, chunks, unidentifiable
debitage), the artifacts assemblage is represented by:
cores and pre-cores — 0.87 %; flakes — 45.23; blades —
17.34; bladelets — 14.27; micro-blades — 7.34; burin
spalls — 8.08; tools — 6.79 % (table 2). The reduction
sequences are based on the flaking of uni-, bidirectional
sub-cylindrical and narrow flaking surface unidirectional
cores for blades and bladelets (table 3; fig. 2).
There is no evidence of micro-blade technology implication.
The structure of tool-kit is characterized by the
dominance of burins — about 50 %; microliths — 25 %;
and truncated pieces — about 18 % (table 4). The rest
of tool classes are represented by a few percentages
each. Among them are the end-scrapers on blades with
truncated base (fig. 3). The most part of burins are represented
by pieces made on obliquely truncated blades
(table 5; fig. 4). Also, the obliquely truncated blades
dominate the truncated pieces assemblage (table 6;
fig. 5). The most representative type of microliths is the
micro-points with abruptly retouched straight back and
obliquely retouched base (table 7; fig. 6). The points,
pendants, bracelet fragment made on tusk and perforated
fossil marine shells from local chalk deposits are
available. The composition of microliths, burins and
end-scrapers in Barmaky, 2 tool-kit is characteristic to
the cultural layers beyond the dwelling structures on
such base-camps as Mezhyrich (fig. 7). Also, the presences
of pits and fauna composition are close to what
expected from Epigravettian base-camps. The artifacts
assemblage of Barmaky, 2 belongs to the Mizyn industry.
Also, Barmaky, 2 is the earliest manifestation of
Epigravettian in the Mid Dnieper basin.
